Directive (EU) 2019/1158 sets minimum Union requirements to improve work–life balance for parents and carers. It grants 10 working days' paternity leave; four months' parental leave per parent with two months non‑transferable; five working days' carers' leave per year; and a right to request flexible working arrangements for parents of children up to at least eight years and for carers. The Directive applies to all workers as defined by national law and covers part‑time, fixed‑term and agency contracts.

Member States must ensure adequate pay: paternity pay at least equivalent to national sick pay and parental payments set to facilitate take‑up. Employment status is maintained, workers have a right to return to the same or an equivalent post, and dismissal or less favourable treatment for exercising rights is prohibited with a burden of proof shift where a presumption arises. The Directive repeals 2010/18/EU and must be transposed by 2 August 2022 (specific payment rules by 2 August 2024); the Commission will review implementation by 2 August 2027.