The Industrial Relations Act 1990 significantly reformed Ireland's collective labour relations landscape, establishing a contemporary legal framework governing trade union recognition, peaceful picketing, collective bargaining, and dispute resolution mechanisms. It replaces obsolete legislation and clarifies immunities related to lawful industrial action, while bolstering protections for both workers and employers during disputes.

A key provision of the Act mandates trade unions to conduct a ballot among members prior to any industrial action, promoting transparency and democratic engagement. The Act also tightens rules surrounding secondary picketing, permitting it only when a direct link exists between the employer and the issue in dispute. Additionally, it enhances the role of the Labour Relations Commission, now known as the Workplace Relations Commission, and introduces Codes of Practice, thereby improving the framework for voluntary dispute resolution.